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Voice ও Narration

শিক্ষক নিবন্ধন পরীক্ষায় "Choose the correct passive form" আর "Choose the correct indirect speech" — এই দুটি প্রশ্ন-ধরন এতটাই নিয়মিত যে একে ‘guaranteed marks’ বলা যায়, কারণ দুটিই ১০০% নিয়মনির্ভর: রূপান্তরের ধাপগুলো জানা থাকলে ভুলের সুযোগই নেই। এই পাঠে প্রতিটি রূপান্তর ধাপে ধাপে দেখানো হয়েছে — আর ভুল-অপশনগুলো ঠিক কোন ধাপ ভাঙলে তৈরি হয়, সেটাও।

Voice — ক্রিয়ার এমন রূপ যা দেখায় subject কাজটি করছে (Active) নাকি কাজটি তার ওপর হচ্ছে (Passive)। Narration — বক্তার কথা প্রকাশের রীতি: হুবহু উদ্ধৃতি (Direct) নাকি নিজের ভাষায় বর্ণনা (Indirect)।

দুটি অধ্যায় আসলে একই খেলা — ‘দৃষ্টিকোণ বদল’: Passive-এ ক্যামেরা ঘুরে যায় কর্তা থেকে কর্মে (কে করল নয় — কী হলো); Indirect-এ ক্যামেরা ঘুরে যায় বক্তা থেকে বর্ণনাকারীতে (তখন-সেখানকার কথা এখন-এখানকার ভাষায়)। এ কারণেই দুটোতেই একই তিন জিনিস বদলায় — subject/pronoun বদলায়, verb-এর রূপ বদলায়, আর সময়-স্থানের শব্দ বদলায়। এই কাঠামোটা মাথায় রাখলে নিয়মগুলো আর বিচ্ছিন্ন লাগবে না।

সংক্ষেপে

  • Active Voice: Subject does the action. Rahim writes a letter.
  • Passive Voice: Subject receives the action. A letter is written by Rahim.
  • Direct Speech: বক্তার বাক্য হুবহু উদ্ধৃত। He said, “I am happy.”
  • Indirect Speech: বক্তার বাক্যের ভাব বর্ণনা। He said that he was happy.

Voice — Basic Rules

Active → Passive পরিবর্তনের ধাপ

  1. Active-এর Object → Passive-এর Subject
  2. Verb → be-verb (tense অনুযায়ী) + V3 (past participle)
  3. Active-এর Subject → ‘by’ + objective form (object pronoun: me, him, her, us, them)

উদাহরণ:

  • Active: He writes a letter.
  • Passive: A letter is written by him.

Tense অনুযায়ী Be-verb Forms

TenseActivePassive (Be + V3)
Present Indefinitedoes/do/V1am/is/are + V3
Present Continuousam/is/are + V-ingam/is/are being + V3
Present Perfecthave/has + V3have/has been + V3
Past IndefiniteV2was/were + V3
Past Continuouswas/were + V-ingwas/were being + V3
Past Perfecthad + V3had been + V3
Future Indefinitewill/shall + V1will/shall be + V3
Future Perfectwill/shall have + V3will/shall have been + V3
Modalcan/may/must + V1can/may/must + be + V3

Note: Perfect Continuous (Pres./Past/Fut.) এবং Future Continuous-এর সাধারণত Passive form হয় না।

ছকটা মুখস্থ নয় — সূত্র একটাই: Active-এর tense যা-ই হোক, passive-এ কেবল সেই tense-এর ‘be’ + V3। be-verb-টা active-এর auxiliary-র জায়গা নেয়: writes → is written; is writing → is being written (continuous-এর being); has written → has been written (perfect-এর been); will write → will be written। অর্থাৎ tense বহন করে be, আর মূল verb চিরকাল V3-তে জমে থাকে। এই এক লাইন জানলে ৯ ঘরের ছক নিজেই বানাতে পারবেন।
ধাপে ধাপে: “She is writing a novel” → Passive
ধাপ ১ (object চিহ্নিত): a novel → নতুন subject।
ধাপ ২ (be + V3): active-এ ‘is writing’ (present continuous) → be-রূপ: is being + V3: written।
ধাপ ৩ (কর্তা পেছনে): she → by her।
উত্তর: A novel is being written by her ✓ — ভুল-অপশন ‘is been written’/‘is writing by her’ ঠিক ধাপ ২ ভেঙেই বানানো হয়।

Voice Across Tenses — Examples

TenseActivePassive
Present Indef.I write a letter.A letter is written by me.
Present Cont.He is writing a letter.A letter is being written by him.
Present Perf.She has written a letter.A letter has been written by her.
Past Indef.They wrote a letter.A letter was written by them.
Past Cont.He was writing a letter.A letter was being written by him.
Past Perf.She had written a letter.A letter had been written by her.
Future Indef.I shall write a letter.A letter will be written by me.
Future Perf.He will have written a letter.A letter will have been written by him.
ModalYou must do the work.The work must be done by you.

Special Voice Rules

1. Imperative Sentence (Order/Request)

  • Active: Do the work. → Passive: Let the work be done.
  • Active: Open the door. → Passive: Let the door be opened.
  • Active: Please help me. → Passive: You are requested to help me.
  • Active: Do not waste time. → Passive: Let not time be wasted. / You are requested not to waste time.

2. Interrogative Sentence

  • Active: Who broke the glass? → Passive: By whom was the glass broken?
  • Active: What do you want? → Passive: What is wanted by you?
  • Active: When did you finish the work? → Passive: When was the work finished by you?
  • মনে রাখুন: প্রশ্নবোধক রূপ বজায় থাকে — উত্তর হবে সেই passive-অপশন যেটি ‘?’-সহ প্রশ্নই থেকে গেছে।

3. Sentence with Two Objects

  • Active: He gave me a book. → Passive (preferred): I was given a book by him. OR: A book was given to me by him.

4. Verbs Followed by ‘by’ Replaced

VerbPreposition (not ‘by’)
knowto (known to me)
containin
annoyat/with
shockat
marryto
tireof
coverwith
satisfywith
interestin
fillwith

উদাহরণ: The basket is filled with mangoes. (নয় ‘by mangoes’).

5. ‘It is said / believed / known that…’

  • People say that he is honest. → It is said that he is honest. / He is said to be honest.
  • They believe he is a thief. → It is believed that he is a thief.

6. Sentences Without Object

Intransitive verb-এর সাধারণত passive form হয় না। ‘He sleeps’ — কোনো passive নেই।

Narration — Basics

Narration বলতে বক্তার কথা প্রকাশের রীতি। দুটি প্রকার:

  • Direct Speech: বক্তার বাক্য হুবহু উদ্ধৃতি-চিহ্নের ভেতরে — He said, “I am happy.”
  • Indirect / Reported Speech: বক্তার বাক্যের ভাব ‘that’ দিয়ে যুক্ত — He said that he was happy.

Direct → Indirect পরিবর্তনের সাধারণ নিয়ম

  1. Reporting verb (said) — পরিবর্তিত হয় বাক্যধরন অনুযায়ী (told, asked, ordered, requested, exclaimed)
  2. Comma + inverted commas উঠিয়ে ‘that’/উপযুক্ত conjunction
  3. Pronouns পরিবর্তিত হয় (1st → reporting subject; 2nd → reporting object; 3rd → unchanged)
  4. Tense backshift — Present → Past; Past → Past Perfect (যদি reporting verb past হয়)
  5. Time/Place words পরিবর্তিত হয় (now → then; today → that day; here → there; this → that)

Tense-পরিবর্তন (Backshift) Chart

Direct TenseIndirect Tense
Present IndefinitePast Indefinite
Present ContinuousPast Continuous
Present PerfectPast Perfect
Present Perfect Cont.Past Perfect Cont.
Past IndefinitePast Perfect
Past ContinuousPast Perfect Cont.
Past Perfect / Past Perf. Cont.Unchanged
Future ‘will/shall’would/should
can / may / mustcould / might / had to
Backshift কেন হয়: Direct speech-এর ‘আমি সুখী আছি’ কথাটা বলা হয়েছিল অতীতে; বর্ণনাকারী এখন সেটা জানাচ্ছেন — তাই তখনকার present তার কাছে past (He said that he was happy)। এক ধাপ করে পেছানো: present → past, past → past perfect, will → would। ব্যতিক্রমও একই যুক্তিতে: reporting verb present হলে (He says...) সময়ের ফারাকই নেই — কোনো backshift নয়; আর চিরসত্য কোনো কালে বাসি হয় না — ‘The teacher said that the sun rises in the east’ (rose ✗)।
ধাপে ধাপে: He said to me, “I will meet you here tomorrow.” → Indirect
ধাপ ১ (reporting verb): said to → told; person-object আছে বলে that-এর আগে me বসবে।
ধাপ ২ (pronoun): “I” = বক্তা → he; “you” = শ্রোতা → me।
ধাপ ৩ (backshift): will meet → would meet।
ধাপ ৪ (সময়-স্থান): here → there; tomorrow → the next day।
উত্তর: He told me that he would meet me there the next day ✓ — চার ধাপের যেকোনো একটি বাদ দিলেই পরিচিত ভুল-অপশনগুলো তৈরি হয়।

Time/Place Word Changes

DirectIndirect
nowthen
todaythat day
tonightthat night
tomorrowthe next day / the following day
yesterdaythe previous day / the day before
last night/weekthe previous night/week
next weekthe following week
agobefore
herethere
thisthat
thesethose
hencethence
thusso

Exception (No Tense Change)

  • Reporting verb present/future হলে: He says, “I am hungry.” → He says that he is hungry.
  • Universal truth: The teacher said, “The earth is round.” → The teacher said that the earth is round.
  • Historical fact: “The Battle of Plassey was fought in 1757.” — সাল-অপরিবর্তিত

Narration by Sentence Type

1. Assertive (Statement)

Reporting verb: said → said / told; Conjunction: that

  • Direct: He said, “I am ill.” → Indirect: He said that he was ill.
  • Direct: He said to me, “You are right.” → Indirect: He told me that I was right.

2. Interrogative (Question)

Reporting verb: said/said to → asked / inquired (of); Conjunction:

  • Yes/No Question — if / whether
  • Wh-Question — wh-word remains
  • Note: Question mark বাদ; auxiliary order পরিবর্তিত (Statement order)

উদাহরণ:

  • Direct: He said to me, “Are you well?” → Indirect: He asked me if/whether I was well.
  • Direct: He said, “Where do you live?” → Indirect: He asked where I lived.
  • Direct: She said, “What is your name?” → Indirect: She asked what my name was.

3. Imperative (Order/Request/Advice)

Reporting verb পরিবর্তিত — order: ordered/commanded; request: requested; advice: advised; prohibition: forbade. ‘To’ + V1 ব্যবহার্য।

  • Direct: He said, “Stand up.” → Indirect: He ordered me to stand up.
  • Direct: He said, “Please help me.” → Indirect: He requested me to help him.
  • Direct: He said, “Don’t lie.” → Indirect: He forbade me to lie. / He told me not to lie.
  • Direct: He said, “Let us play.” → Indirect: He proposed that we should play.

4. Optative (Wish/Blessing/Curse)

Reporting verb: wished, prayed, blessed; Conjunction: that

  • Direct: He said, “May you live long.” → Indirect: He wished/prayed that I might live long.
  • Direct: He said, “Good morning.” → Indirect: He bade me good morning. / He wished me good morning.

5. Exclamatory (Exclamation)

Reporting verb: exclaimed (with joy/sorrow/wonder); ‘What/How’-যুক্ত exclamation → assertive form-এ পরিবর্তন।

  • Direct: He said, “Hurrah! We have won the match.” → Indirect: He exclaimed with joy that they had won the match.
  • Direct: She said, “Alas! I am undone.” → Indirect: She exclaimed with sorrow that she was undone.
  • Direct: He said, “What a fool I am!” → Indirect: He exclaimed (with regret) that he was a great fool.
  • Direct: He said, “How beautiful the flower is!” → Indirect: He exclaimed (with wonder) that the flower was very beautiful.

Special Narration Rules

Mixed Sentences

একই উদ্ধৃতিতে দুই/ততোধিক বাক্য থাকলে প্রতিটির জন্য আলাদা reporting verb ব্যবহার্য — and added, and said, and asked, etc.

  • Direct: He said, “I am ill. Please call a doctor.”
  • Indirect: He said that he was ill and requested me to call a doctor.

Sentences with ‘let’

  • Proposal: ‘Let us’ → proposed/suggested + should
  • Permission: ‘Let me/him’ → requested/asked + might be allowed to
  • Direct: He said, “Let us go for a walk.” → Indirect: He proposed that they should go for a walk.
  • Direct: He said, “Let me come in.” → Indirect: He requested that he might be allowed to come in.

Special Reporting Verbs

Sentence typeReporting verb (Indirect)
Statementsaid / told
Questionasked / inquired / wanted to know
Orderordered / commanded / told
Requestrequested / begged / urged
Adviceadvised / suggested
Wish/Blessingwished / prayed / blessed
Cursecursed
Joyexclaimed with joy
Sorrowexclaimed with sorrow
Wonder/Surpriseexclaimed with wonder
Greetinggreeted / bade good morning

‘Yes/No’ Answers

  • Direct: He said, “Yes.” → Indirect: He replied in the affirmative.
  • Direct: He said, “No.” → Indirect: He replied in the negative.

সাধারণ ভুল ও সতর্কতা

ভুল ১ — ‘is been/was been’ জাতীয় অসম্ভব রূপ: continuous-এর passive-এ being (is being written), perfect-এর passive-এ been (has been written) — দুটো কখনো জায়গা বদল করে না। ‘is been written’ বা ‘has being written’ দেখলেই অপশন বাদ।
ভুল ২ — intransitive verb-এর passive বানানো: sleep, go, die, arrive — object নেই, তাই passive নেই। "He died yesterday-র passive কী?" — উত্তর: হয় না। অপশনে ‘No passive form’ থাকলে সেটিই সঠিক।
ভুল ৩ — by-এর জায়গায় ভুল preposition (বা উল্টো): known to, married to, filled with, covered with, satisfied with, interested in, tired of, shocked at — এই তালিকার শব্দে ‘by’ বসালে ভুল। ‘The jar is filled by water’ ✗।
ভুল ৪ — said to-কে সবখানে told বানানো: told-এর পরে অবশ্যই ব্যক্তি লাগবে (told me/him)। প্রশ্নবোধক বাক্যে reporting verb হয় asked, আদেশে ordered, অনুরোধে requested, উপদেশে advised — বাক্যের ধরনই verb ঠিক করে; ঢালাও ‘told’ নয়।
ভুল ৫ — indirect প্রশ্নে প্রশ্নের গঠন রেখে দেওয়া: He asked me where I lived ✓ (where did I live ✗) — indirect-এ আর প্রশ্ন থাকে না, তাই do/did উঠে যায়, subject আগে বসে, ‘?’ থাকে না। Yes/No প্রশ্নে conjunction হয় if/whether: He asked me if I was happy।
ভুল ৬ — চিরসত্যেও backshift: universal truth, অভ্যাসগত সত্য, ঐতিহাসিক সাল — এগুলোর tense বদলায় না: ‘He said that honesty is the best policy.’

দ্রুত সমাধানের কৌশল

কৌশল ১ — Voice-অপশন বাছাইয়ের ৩ চেক: (১) নতুন subject কি active-এর object? (২) be-verb কি মূল tense বহন করছে + V3 আছে? (৩) by-phrase (বা সঠিক preposition) ঠিক আছে? — তিনটির যেকোনো একটি ভাঙা অপশন কেটে দিন; সাধারণত একটাই টিকে থাকে।
কৌশল ২ — Narration-এর সময়-শব্দ ম্যাপ মুখস্থ: now→then | today→that day | tonight→that night | yesterday→the previous day | tomorrow→the next day | last night→the previous night | next week→the following week | ago→before | here→there | this→that | come→go — MCQ-র ভুল-অপশন প্রায় সবসময় এই ম্যাপের একটি ঘর ভুল করে।
কৌশল ৩ — sentence-type আগে চিনুন: Direct অংশে ‘?’ = asked + if/wh-word; আদেশ-অনুরোধ (V1 দিয়ে শুরু) = ordered/requested + to + V1; ‘Hurrah/Alas’ = exclaimed with joy/sorrow + that; ‘Let us’ = proposed/suggested + that + should। বাক্য-ধরন চিনলেই reporting verb ও conjunction — দুটো উত্তর ফ্রি।
কৌশল ৪ — imperative passive-এর দুই ছাঁচ: বস্তু-নির্দেশ হলে Let + object + be + V3 (Do it → Let it be done); ব্যক্তি-অনুরোধ হলে You are requested/advised to... (Please help me → You are requested to help me)। ‘please’ দেখলেই দ্বিতীয় ছাঁচ।

তথ্যের সারসংক্ষেপ

  • Voice ২ প্রকার — Active, Passive
  • Passive structure: Object + be-verb (tense অনুযায়ী) + V3 + by + Subject (objective form)
  • Perfect Continuous (Pres/Past/Fut) ও Future Continuous-এর সাধারণত Passive form হয় না
  • Imperative passive: Let + object + be + V3
  • ‘Please’ → ‘You are requested to…’
  • Interrogative passive — ‘by whom’ দিয়ে শুরু
  • ‘known to’ (নয় ‘known by’); ‘contained in’; ‘filled with’; ‘married to’
  • Narration ২ প্রকার — Direct, Indirect
  • Direct → Indirect-এ tense backshift হয় (যদি reporting verb past হয়)
  • Universal truth/historical fact — tense অপরিবর্তিত
  • Yes/No question → ‘if/whether’; Wh-question → wh-word
  • Question mark → full stop (in indirect)
  • Imperative → ‘to + V1’; request → ‘requested to’; prohibition → ‘forbade/told not to’
  • ‘Hurrah’ → exclaimed with joy; ‘Alas’ → exclaimed with sorrow
  • ‘Let us’ → proposed/suggested + should
  • ‘Today → that day’; ‘tomorrow → the next day’; ‘yesterday → the previous day’
  • ‘Now → then’; ‘here → there’; ‘this → that’

প্রশ্ন ও উত্তর (১০০+ MCQ)

1. He writes a letter. — Passive?

(a) A letter is written by him (b) A letter was written by him (c) A letter has been written by him (d) A letter is being written

Ans: (a)

2. He is writing a letter. — Passive?

(a) A letter is written by him (b) A letter is being written by him (c) A letter has been written by him (d) A letter was being written by him

Ans: (b)

3. He has written a letter. — Passive?

(a) A letter is written (b) A letter has been written by him (c) A letter was written (d) A letter had been written

Ans: (b)

4. He wrote a letter. — Passive?

(a) A letter is written (b) A letter was written by him (c) A letter has been written (d) A letter had been written

Ans: (b)

5. He was writing a letter. — Passive?

(a) A letter is being written (b) A letter was being written by him (c) A letter has been written (d) A letter is written

Ans: (b)

6. He had written a letter. — Passive?

(a) A letter is written (b) A letter was written (c) A letter had been written by him (d) A letter has been written

Ans: (c)

7. He will write a letter. — Passive?

(a) A letter is written (b) A letter will be written by him (c) A letter shall be written (d) A letter would be written

Ans: (b)

8. He will have written a letter. — Passive?

(a) A letter will be written (b) A letter will have been written by him (c) A letter has been written (d) A letter would have been written

Ans: (b)

9. He must do the work. — Passive?

(a) The work must be done by him (b) The work is done (c) The work must have been done (d) The work is being done

Ans: (a)

10. Open the door. — Passive?

(a) The door is opened (b) Let the door be opened (c) The door was opened (d) The door is open

Ans: (b)

11. Do the work. — Passive?

(a) The work is done (b) Let the work be done (c) Work is being done (d) The work has been done

Ans: (b)

12. Please help me. — Passive?

(a) Let me be helped (b) You are requested to help me (c) I am requested by you (d) Help me

Ans: (b)

13. Do not waste time. — Passive?

(a) Let not time be wasted (b) You are requested not to waste time (c) Time should not be wasted (d) all of these

Ans: (d)

14. Who broke the glass? — Passive?

(a) Who was broken (b) By whom was the glass broken? (c) By whom is the glass broken (d) The glass was broken by who

Ans: (b)

15. What do you want? — Passive?

(a) What is wanted by you? (b) What was wanted (c) By you what is wanted (d) What is your want

Ans: (a)

16. He gave me a book. — Passive (preferred)?

(a) A book was given by him (b) I was given a book by him (c) Me was given a book (d) A book given by him

Ans: (b)

17. The basket is filled ? mangoes.

(a) by (b) with (c) of (d) from

Ans: (b) with

18. The book is known ? me.

(a) by (b) to (c) for (d) with

Ans: (b) to

19. The bottle is filled ? water.

(a) by (b) with (c) of (d) in

Ans: (b) with

20. He is married ? her.

(a) by (b) to (c) with (d) of

Ans: (b) to

21. The bag contains ? books. Passive: Books are contained ? the bag.

(a) by (b) in (c) of (d) at

Ans: (b) in

22. People say he is honest. — Passive?

(a) It is said that he is honest (b) He is said to be honest (c) Both a & b (d) None

Ans: (c)

23. He said, “I am happy.” — Indirect?

(a) He said that he is happy (b) He said that he was happy (c) He said that he has been happy (d) He said happy

Ans: (b)

24. He said to me, “You are right.” — Indirect?

(a) He told me that I am right (b) He told me that I was right (c) He said that you are right (d) He said me right

Ans: (b)

25. He said, “I have done my duty.” — Indirect?

(a) He said that he had done his duty (b) He said that he has done his duty (c) He said done his duty (d) He has done duty

Ans: (a)

26. He said, “I went to school.” — Indirect?

(a) He said that he went to school (b) He said that he had gone to school (c) He said going (d) He said gone

Ans: (b)

27. He said, “I shall come.” — Indirect?

(a) He said that he will come (b) He said that he would come (c) He said come (d) He said go

Ans: (b)

28. The teacher said, “The earth is round.” — Indirect?

(a) The teacher said that the earth was round (b) The teacher said that the earth is round (c) Both correct (d) Teacher said the earth

Ans: (b) — universal truth unchanged

29. He said to me, “Are you happy?” — Indirect?

(a) He asked me whether I was happy (b) He said me am happy (c) He told me happy (d) He asked happy

Ans: (a)

30. He said, “Where do you live?” — Indirect?

(a) He asked where do I live (b) He asked where I lived (c) He asked where I live (d) He said live where

Ans: (b)

31. She said, “What is your name?” — Indirect?

(a) She asked what is my name (b) She asked what my name was (c) She asked what was my name (d) She said name

Ans: (b)

32. He said to me, “Stand up.” — Indirect?

(a) He told me stand up (b) He ordered me to stand up (c) He said stand (d) He asked me stand

Ans: (b)

33. He said, “Please help me.” — Indirect?

(a) He told to help (b) He requested me to help him (c) He ordered me to help (d) He asked help

Ans: (b)

34. He said, “Don’t lie.” — Indirect?

(a) He told me not to lie (b) He forbade me to lie (c) Both a & b (d) None

Ans: (c)

35. He said, “May you live long.” — Indirect?

(a) He prayed that I might live long (b) He said live long (c) He wished may you long (d) He prayed long

Ans: (a)

36. He said, “Hurrah! We have won.” — Indirect?

(a) He exclaimed with joy that they had won (b) He said hurrah (c) He shouted (d) He said joy

Ans: (a)

37. He said, “Alas! I am undone.” — Indirect?

(a) He exclaimed with sorrow that he was undone (b) He said alas (c) He cried (d) He said undone

Ans: (a)

38. He said, “What a fool I am!” — Indirect?

(a) He exclaimed that he was a great fool (b) He said fool (c) He told (d) He said what

Ans: (a)

39. He said, “Let us play.” — Indirect?

(a) He told to play (b) He proposed that they should play (c) He asked them play (d) He said let play

Ans: (b)

40. He said, “Let me go.” — Indirect?

(a) He requested that he might be allowed to go (b) He let me go (c) He said go (d) He told go

Ans: (a)

41. ‘Today’ in Direct becomes ? in Indirect.

(a) that day (b) this day (c) now (d) tomorrow

Ans: (a) that day

42. ‘Tomorrow’ → ?

(a) yesterday (b) next day / the following day (c) that day (d) now

Ans: (b)

43. ‘Now’ → ?

(a) then (b) today (c) now (d) here

Ans: (a) then

44. ‘Here’ → ?

(a) here (b) there (c) where (d) home

Ans: (b) there

45. ‘This’ → ?

(a) that (b) these (c) those (d) this

Ans: (a) that

46. ‘Ago’ → ?

(a) before (b) after (c) since (d) for

Ans: (a) before

47. ‘Yesterday’ → ?

(a) the previous day (b) today (c) tomorrow (d) day before

Ans: (a) the previous day / the day before

48. He said to me, “I saw you yesterday.” — Indirect?

(a) He said that he had seen me yesterday (b) He told me that he had seen me the previous day (c) He told saw me (d) He said see

Ans: (b)

49. He said, “I have been reading this book.” — Indirect?

(a) He said that he had been reading that book (b) He said reading this book (c) He has been reading (d) He said book read

Ans: (a)

50. He said, “The sun rises in the east.” — Indirect?

(a) He said the sun rose (b) He said that the sun rises in the east (c) He said sun has risen (d) He said rise

Ans: (b) (universal truth)

51. The teacher said, “The Battle of Plassey was fought in 1757.” — Indirect?

(a) The teacher said the Battle of Plassey had been fought in 1757 (b) The teacher said that the Battle was fought in 1757 (c) The teacher said fought in 1757 (d) Both b correct

Ans: (b) (historical fact unchanged)

52. ‘Yes’/‘No’ answers — change to?

(a) replied in the affirmative/negative (b) said yes/no (c) told yes/no (d) shouted

Ans: (a)

53. He said, “I went to Dhaka last week.” — Indirect?

(a) He said that he had gone to Dhaka the previous week (b) He said went last week (c) He said go Dhaka (d) He said Dhaka

Ans: (a)

54. The boy said, “How sweet the rose smells!” — Indirect?

(a) The boy said sweet (b) The boy exclaimed with wonder that the rose smelt very sweet (c) The boy told sweet (d) The boy said rose smells

Ans: (b)

55. He said, “Good morning, sir.” — Indirect?

(a) He told good morning (b) He wished/bade good morning to the gentleman (c) He said good morning (d) He told sir

Ans: (b)

56. ‘I do not know him.’ — Passive?

(a) He is not known to me (b) He is not known by me (c) He is unknown by me (d) None

Ans: (a) known to me

57. ‘She bought a book.’ — Passive?

(a) A book is bought (b) A book was bought by her (c) Book has been bought (d) Book bought by her

Ans: (b)

58. ‘They were playing football.’ — Passive?

(a) Football was being played by them (b) Football was played (c) Football is being played (d) Football has been played

Ans: (a)

59. ‘Has she finished the work?’ — Passive?

(a) Is the work finished? (b) Has the work been finished by her? (c) Was the work finished (d) Will the work be finished

Ans: (b)

60. ‘Help the poor.’ — Passive?

(a) Poor is helped (b) Let the poor be helped (c) The poor was helped (d) Help me

Ans: (b)

61. ‘Don’t waste time.’ — Passive?

(a) Let not time be wasted (b) Time should not waste (c) Time not waste (d) Wasted time

Ans: (a)

62. ‘Who taught you English?’ — Passive?

(a) By whom were you taught English? (b) Who was you taught (c) By whom was you taught (d) English was taught

Ans: (a)

63. ‘He gave me a pen.’ — Passive (with ‘pen’ as subject)?

(a) A pen was given to me by him (b) Me was given a pen (c) Pen given (d) A pen was given by him me

Ans: (a)

64. ‘He is reading a book.’ — Passive?

(a) A book is read by him (b) A book is being read by him (c) A book was being read (d) A book has been read

Ans: (b)

65. ‘He has been writing letters.’ — Passive?

(a) Letters have been being written (b) Letters were written (c) Letters are being written (d) Not commonly used in passive

Ans: (d) (Perfect Continuous — rare in passive)

66. ‘They speak English in Canada.’ — Passive?

(a) English is spoken in Canada (b) English was spoken (c) Canada speaks English (d) English speaks Canada

Ans: (a)

67. ‘I shall do this.’ — Passive?

(a) This is done by me (b) This will be done by me (c) This was done (d) This has been done

Ans: (b)

68. ‘You can buy this car.’ — Passive?

(a) This car can be bought by you (b) This car bought by you (c) Buy this car (d) The car is bought

Ans: (a)

69. ‘People believe him to be honest.’ — Passive?

(a) He is believed to be honest (b) He is honest believed (c) Honesty believed (d) People honest

Ans: (a)

70. ‘They will appoint him manager.’ — Passive?

(a) He will be appointed manager (b) Manager he will be (c) He will appoint manager (d) Him manager will be

Ans: (a)

71. ‘He said, “I will come tomorrow.”’ — Indirect?

(a) He said he would come the next day (b) He said come tomorrow (c) He said come (d) He said tomorrow

Ans: (a)

72. ‘She said to him, “Where are you going?”’ — Indirect?

(a) She asked him where he was going (b) She asked where are you going (c) She told him going (d) She said going

Ans: (a)

73. ‘He said, “Bring me a glass of water.”’ — Indirect?

(a) He requested me to bring water (b) He ordered me to bring him a glass of water (c) Both a & b (d) None

Ans: (b) (also acceptable: requested)

74. ‘He said, “May God bless you.”’ — Indirect?

(a) He prayed that God might bless me (b) He blessed me (c) He prayed bless (d) He blessed God

Ans: (a)

75. ‘She said, “How lovely the scene is!”’ — Indirect?

(a) She told lovely (b) She exclaimed with joy/wonder that the scene was very lovely (c) She said scene (d) She told scene

Ans: (b)

76. ‘He said, “Goodbye, friend.”’ — Indirect?

(a) He said goodbye (b) He bade his friend goodbye (c) He told friend goodbye (d) He said friend

Ans: (b)

77. ‘He said, “Yes.”’ — Indirect?

(a) He said yes (b) He replied in the affirmative (c) He told yes (d) He yes replied

Ans: (b)

78. ‘He said, “No.”’ — Indirect?

(a) He said no (b) He replied in the negative (c) He no replied (d) He told no

Ans: (b)

79. ‘She told me, “Have you done it?”’ — Indirect?

(a) She asked me whether I had done it (b) She told me had I done it (c) She told done it (d) She told me have you done

Ans: (a)

80. ‘He said, “I can swim.”’ — Indirect?

(a) He said that he can swim (b) He said that he could swim (c) He said swim (d) He told swim

Ans: (b)

81. Passive: ‘English is spoken all over the world.’ — Active?

(a) People speak English all over the world (b) People speak English (c) English speaks (d) People speaks English

Ans: (a)

82. Passive: ‘The thief was caught.’ — Active?

(a) They caught the thief (b) Thief caught (c) They caught (d) Thief was caught

Ans: (a)

83. ‘He is shocked ? the news.’

(a) by (b) at (c) on (d) of

Ans: (b) at

84. ‘The road is covered ? snow.’

(a) by (b) with (c) of (d) in

Ans: (b) with

85. ‘He is satisfied ? his salary.’

(a) by (b) with (c) of (d) at

Ans: (b) with

86. ‘He is tired ? walking.’ (exhausted)

(a) of (b) from (c) by (d) with

Ans: (b) from

87. ‘He is tired ? her behaviour.’ (bored)

(a) of (b) from (c) by (d) with

Ans: (a) of

88. Active sentence has — Subject, Verb, Object. In Passive, Object becomes —

(a) Subject (b) Verb (c) Object (d) Complement

Ans: (a) Subject

89. Active verb-tense + Passive verb-tense — match: Active ‘did’ → Passive?

(a) is done (b) was done (c) has been done (d) had been done

Ans: (b) was done

90. Active ‘will have done’ → Passive?

(a) will be done (b) is done (c) will have been done (d) has been done

Ans: (c)

91. Active ‘is doing’ → Passive?

(a) is done (b) is being done (c) has been done (d) was being done

Ans: (b)

92. ‘He said, “I am ill. Please call a doctor.”’ — Indirect?

(a) He said ill and call doctor (b) He said that he was ill and requested me to call a doctor (c) He told ill and asked (d) He said doctor

Ans: (b)

93. Direct: ‘He said to me, “Do not go there.”’ — Indirect?

(a) He told me not to go there (b) He forbade me to go there (c) Both a & b (d) None

Ans: (c)

94. Active: ‘They built this bridge in 2010.’ — Passive?

(a) This bridge was built in 2010 (b) Built this bridge (c) Bridge built in 2010 (d) Bridge build

Ans: (a)

95. Active: ‘The dog bit me.’ — Passive?

(a) I am bitten by the dog (b) I was bitten by the dog (c) Dog bit me (d) Me dog bit

Ans: (b)

96. Active: ‘Children love sweets.’ — Passive?

(a) Sweets is loved (b) Sweets are loved by children (c) Sweet loves (d) Children loved

Ans: (b)

97. ‘I have lost my pen.’ — Passive?

(a) My pen has been lost by me (b) My pen lost (c) Pen has been lost (d) I lost my pen

Ans: (a)

98. ‘She said to her friend, “I shall write a letter tomorrow.”’ — Indirect?

(a) She told her friend write tomorrow (b) She told her friend that she would write a letter the next day (c) She told that write (d) She said writing

Ans: (b)

99. ‘He said to me, “Are you coming tomorrow?”’ — Indirect?

(a) He asked me whether I was coming the next day (b) He asked are coming tomorrow (c) He told tomorrow (d) He asked I come

Ans: (a)

100. ‘He said, “Do you want this book?”’ — Indirect?

(a) He asked if I wanted that book (b) He asked do you want (c) He said book want (d) He told book

Ans: (a)

101. ‘Father said to his son, “Always tell the truth.”’ — Indirect?

(a) Father told son truth (b) Father advised his son to always tell the truth (c) Father told tell (d) Father said truth

Ans: (b)

102. ‘He said, “Bravo! you have won.”’ — Indirect?

(a) He applauded saying that I had won (b) He cried bravo (c) He told win (d) He shouted

Ans: (a)

103. ‘I said, “Could you please help me?”’ — Indirect?

(a) I asked him to help me (b) I told him please help (c) I requested help (d) I said help

Ans: (a)

104. ‘The teacher said, “Light travels faster than sound.”’ — Indirect?

(a) Teacher said light travelled (b) Teacher said that light travels faster than sound (c) Teacher told light (d) Teacher said light sound

Ans: (b) (scientific truth unchanged)

105. ‘He said, “I have been working here for five years.”’ — Indirect?

(a) He said working five years (b) He said that he had been working there for five years (c) He said work years (d) He told here work

Ans: (b)