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Tense ও Verb

ব্যাংক পরীক্ষার English অংশে fill-in-the-blank আর error-detection প্রশ্নের সিংহভাগ আসলে tense-এর প্রশ্ন — সঠিক verb-form বসাতে পারা মানেই ৪-৫টি নিশ্চিত নম্বর। ভালো খবর: tense কোনো ১২টি আলাদা নিয়মের স্তূপ নয়, মাত্র দুটি প্রশ্নের উত্তর — কাজটা কখন (present/past/future) আর কাজটার অবস্থা কী (সাধারণ/চলমান/সম্পন্ন/সম্পন্ন-তবু-চলমান)। ৩ × ৪ = ১২ — গুণফলটা মুখস্থের নয়, বোঝার।

Tense indicates the time of an action and its state of completion. প্রধান Tense ৩টি — Present, Past, Future; প্রতিটির ৪টি রূপ — Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous।

১২ ঘরের ছক আসলে দুইটা সুইচ: সুইচ ১ (সময়): auxiliary-র রূপ বদলায় — am/is/are (present) → was/were (past) → will be (future); have/has → had → will have। সুইচ ২ (অবস্থা): মূল verb-এর রূপ বদলায় — V1 (indefinite), be + V-ing (continuous), have + V3 (perfect), have been + V-ing (perfect continuous)। যেকোনো ঘরের গঠন এই দুই সুইচ মিলিয়ে নিজেই বানাতে পারবেন: past + perfect = had + V3; future + continuous = will be + V-ing। ছক মুখস্থ নয় — সুইচ দুটো মনে রাখুন।

পড়ার কৌশল: প্রতিটি tense-এর সঙ্গে তার signal word (time expression) গুলো জোড়ায় শিখুন — MCQ-তে ৮০% ক্ষেত্রে বাক্যের ভেতরের একটি শব্দই (yesterday? since? by the time?) উত্তর বলে দেয়। এই পাতার প্রতিটি tense-অংশের শেষে signal word-এর তালিকা দেওয়া আছে — সেগুলোই আগে আত্মস্থ করুন, তারপর MCQ ব্যাংকে অনুশীলন।

Tense-চার্ট

Tense	Indefinite	Continuous	Perfect	Perfect Continuous
Present	I write	I am writing	I have written	I have been writing
Past	I wrote	I was writing	I had written	I had been writing
Future	I will write	I will be writing	I will have written	I will have been writing

Present Tense

1. Present Indefinite (Simple Present)

Structure: Sub + V1 (+s/es with 3rd person singular) + Obj

Uses:

Habitual action: He gets up early in the morning.
Universal truth / scientific fact: The sun rises in the east. Water boils at 100°C.
Permanent state: She lives in Dhaka.
Future scheduled events: The train leaves at 5 pm.

Time expressions: always, often, usually, sometimes, every day, regularly, daily.

2. Present Continuous

Structure: Sub + am/is/are + V-ing + Obj

Uses:

Action happening now: She is reading a book.
Temporary action: I am staying with my uncle this week.
Near future plan: We are going to the cinema tonight.

Time expressions: now, at present, at this moment, today, currently, look!, listen!.

3. Present Perfect

Structure: Sub + have/has + V3 (past participle) + Obj

Uses:

Recently completed action with effect now: I have just finished my work.
Past action with present consequence: He has lost his pen.
Action over a period continuing till now: She has lived here for ten years.

Time expressions: just, already, yet, ever, never, since, for, recently, lately, this week.

4. Present Perfect Continuous

Structure: Sub + have been / has been + V-ing + Obj + since/for + time

Uses: Action started in the past and is still going on. It has been raining since morning. He has been working here for five years.

Note: ‘since’ + point of time (since 2020, since Monday); ‘for’ + period (for two hours).

ধাপে ধাপে: “It ___ (rain) since morning.” — সঠিক রূপ কী?

ধাপ ১ (signal খুঁজুন): বাক্যে ‘since morning’ — since মানেই কাজটা অতীতে শুরু হয়ে এখনো চলছে।

ধাপ ২ (সময়-সুইচ): এখনো চলছে → present ঘরে থাকব।

ধাপ ৩ (অবস্থা-সুইচ): শুরু-থেকে-এখনো-চলমান = perfect continuous → have/has been + V-ing।

উত্তর: It has been raining since morning. একই ছাঁচে: “He ___ (work) here for ten years” → has been working।

Present Perfect-এর নিষিদ্ধ সঙ্গী: yesterday, ago, last year, in 2010 — নির্দিষ্ট অতীত সময়ের শব্দের সঙ্গে present perfect কখনো বসে না। ‘He has come yesterday’ ✗ → ‘He came yesterday’ ✓। যুক্তি: present perfect-এর মন পড়ে আছে বর্তমানে (ফলাফল এখনো আছে), তাই অতীতের তারিখ তার সঙ্গে যায় না। এটি error-detection প্রশ্নের সবচেয়ে কমন ফাঁদ।

Past Tense

1. Past Indefinite (Simple Past)

Structure: Sub + V2 + Obj

Uses:

Completed action in the past: He went to school yesterday.
Past habit: He always carried an umbrella.
Historical event: India became independent in 1947.

Time expressions: yesterday, ago, last week/month/year, in 2010, once, then.

2. Past Continuous

Structure: Sub + was/were + V-ing + Obj

Uses:

Action going on at a past time: I was reading when he came.
Two parallel past actions: While I was reading, she was singing.

3. Past Perfect

Structure: Sub + had + V3 + Obj

Uses: Used when two past actions occur; the earlier action is in past perfect, later in past indefinite.

The train had left before I reached the station.
I had finished my work before he came.

Pattern: Past Perfect + before + Past Indefinite / Past Indefinite + after + Past Perfect।

ধাপে ধাপে: “The patient ___ (die) before the doctor came.”

ধাপ ১: দুটি অতীত ঘটনা — রোগীর মৃত্যু ও ডাক্তারের আসা। কোনটি আগে? মৃত্যু।

ধাপ ২: নিয়ম — আগের ঘটনা past perfect (had + V3), পরের ঘটনা simple past।

ধাপ ৩: ‘before’-এর আগের clause-টিই আগের ঘটনা → The patient had died before the doctor came ✓

শর্টকাট: before-এর আগে had, after-এর পরে had — এই এক লাইনেই এ-জাতীয় সব প্রশ্ন মেলে।

4. Past Perfect Continuous

Structure: Sub + had been + V-ing + Obj + since/for + time

Uses: Action that had been going on for some time before another past action. He had been studying for three hours when I called him.

Future Tense

1. Future Indefinite

Structure: Sub + shall/will + V1 + Obj

‘Shall’ — traditionally with I, We; ‘will’ — with others. Modern usage: ‘will’ ব্যবহার্য সর্বত্র।

Future action: I will go tomorrow.
Promise/threat/determination: I shall help you.
Be going to — planned future: I am going to start a business.

2. Future Continuous

Structure: Sub + will be / shall be + V-ing + Obj

Action will be going on at a future time. I will be reading at 9 pm tomorrow.

3. Future Perfect

Structure: Sub + will have / shall have + V3 + Obj

Action will be completed by a future time. I shall have finished the book by next Monday.

4. Future Perfect Continuous

Structure: Sub + will have been + V-ing + Obj + since/for + time

By 2030, I shall have been living here for ten years.

Future Time Expressions

tomorrow, next week/month/year, in 2030, by 5 pm, soon, in a moment.

Modal Auxiliaries

Modals express possibility, permission, ability, obligation, advice, necessity etc. Modal-এর পরে মূল ক্রিয়ার Base form (V1) বসে; modal-এ -s/-ed যোগ হয় না।

Modal	Use	Example
can	Ability, permission (informal), possibility	I can swim. Can I go now?
could	Past ability, polite request, possibility	He could swim at five. Could you help?
may	Permission, possibility, wish	May I come in? May you live long.
might	Past of ‘may’, less likely possibility	It might rain.
must	Strong obligation, certainty, prohibition	You must obey. He must be ill. You must not lie.
shall	Future (I/we), strong determination, suggestion	We shall overcome. Shall we go?
should	Advice, moral obligation, expectation	You should study hard.
will	Future, willingness, promise	He will come. I will help.
would	Past habit, polite request, conditional	He would walk every morning. Would you mind?
ought to	Moral obligation	You ought to respect elders.
used to	Past habit (no more)	I used to play cricket.
need	Necessity	You need not worry.
dare	Courage	How dare you say that?
have to / has to	External obligation	I have to go now.
had better	Strong advice	You had better leave now.
would rather	Preference	I would rather stay home.

Modal Negatives

cannot / can’t; could not / couldn’t
may not (mayn’t — rare); might not / mightn’t
must not / mustn’t (prohibition); need not / needn’t (no necessity)
should not / shouldn’t; would not / wouldn’t
‘used to’ → didn’t use to / used not to

Subject-Verb Agreement

The verb must agree with its subject in number and person.

Key Rules

Singular subject → singular verb; Plural subject → plural verb. The boy plays. The boys play.
Two subjects joined by ‘and’ → plural verb. Ram and Shyam are friends.
Two singular nouns joined by ‘with, as well as, along with, together with, in addition to, besides, accompanied by’ → verb agrees with FIRST subject. Rahim, with his friends, is going.
Subjects joined by ‘or, nor, either…or, neither…nor’ → verb agrees with the NEAREST subject. Either you or he is wrong. Neither he nor they are coming.
Each, every, everyone, everybody, anyone, no one, nobody, someone, somebody → singular verb. Everyone is here.
Collective nouns (team, jury, committee) — singular if unit, plural if individuals. The team is winning. The team are divided in opinion.
Plural in form, singular in meaning (news, mathematics, physics, economics, politics, ethics, athletics, summons) → singular verb. The news is true. Mathematics is easy.
‘A pair of, a series of, a number of’ + plural noun + singular verb. A series of accidents has occurred. But ‘The number of’ → singular; ‘A number of’ → plural. A number of students are absent. The number of students is rising.
Distance, time, money, weight as a unit → singular. Ten miles is a long distance. Five years is a long time.
‘None’ → singular or plural (modern usage: plural with plural noun). None of the students were absent.
‘Each of, every one of, one of’ + plural noun + singular verb. Each of the boys was present.
Relative pronouns take the number of their antecedent: He is one of the boys who are coming.
‘More than one’ → singular verb. More than one boy was absent.
Possessive ‘of’-phrases — verb agrees with first noun. The quality of mangoes is good.
Inverted sentences (‘There is/are’) — verb agrees with the real subject. There are many books on the table.

ধাপে ধাপে: “One of my friends ___ (live/lives) in London.”

ধাপ ১ (আসল subject খুঁজুন): verb-এর কর্তা ‘one’, ‘friends’ নয় — friends শুধু of-phrase-এর অংশ।

ধাপ ২: one = singular → singular verb।

উত্তর: One of my friends lives in London ✓

তুলনা করুন: “He is one of the boys who ___ (play) well” — এখানে who-এর antecedent ‘boys’ (plural) → play ✓। of-phrase আর relative clause — দুটির নিয়ম উল্টো, এটিই ফাঁদ।

SVA-র মাস্টার-কৌশল: verb বসানোর আগে এক সেকেন্ডে তিনটি জিনিস কেটে ফেলুন — (১) কমা-বন্দি অংশ (with his friends,...), (২) of-phrase, (৩) there/here। যা অবশিষ্ট থাকে সেটাই আসল subject; তার number-ই verb-এর number। ‘The quality of the mangoes (of-phrase বাদ) → The quality → is।’

Conditional Sentences (If-clauses)

Conditional sentences describe what will happen under certain conditions. ৪ ধরনের conditional আছে — Zero, First, Second, Third (+ Mixed)।

Type	Condition (If)	Result	Example
Zero (general truth)	If + Present Simple	Present Simple	If you heat ice, it melts.
First (real future)	If + Present Simple	will / can / may + V1	If you work hard, you will pass.
Second (unreal present)	If + Past Simple	would / could / might + V1	If I were rich, I would help the poor.
Third (unreal past)	If + Past Perfect	would have + V3	If I had studied, I would have passed.

Notes

‘Were’ is used with all persons in second conditional (unreal). ‘If I were you.’
‘Unless’ = ‘If not’. Unless you hurry, you will miss the train.
Inverted form (without ‘if’): Had I known, I would have helped. / Were I rich, I would help.
Mixed conditional: If I had studied hard, I would be a doctor now. (past condition → present result)

‘Wish’ Sentences

Present wish: I wish I were rich.
Past wish: I wish I had studied harder.
Future wish: I wish it would stop raining.

Conditional-এ tense পিছিয়ে যায় কেন: ইংরেজিতে ‘অবাস্তবতা’ বোঝাতে tense এক ধাপ পেছানো হয় — বর্তমানের অসম্ভব কল্পনা বলতে past (If I were rich — আমি তো ধনী নই), অতীতের অসম্ভব কল্পনা বলতে past perfect (If I had studied — পড়িনি তো)। তাই ‘wish’-এর পরেও একই সূত্র: এখনকার আক্ষেপ = past, অতীতের আক্ষেপ = past perfect। এই এক যুক্তিতে second/third conditional আর wish — তিনটিই মনে থাকে।

সাধারণ ভুল ও সতর্কতা

ভুল ১ — নির্দিষ্ট অতীতের সঙ্গে present perfect: ‘He has come yesterday’ ✗ → came। yesterday/ago/last... দেখামাত্র has/have বাদ।

ভুল ২ — stative verb-এ continuous: know, understand, believe, love, hate, want, need, own, seem — এই ‘মনের অবস্থা’-বাচক verb-গুলো সাধারণত continuous হয় না: ‘I am knowing him’ ✗ → ‘I know him’ ✓। কারণ অবস্থা তো এমনিই চলমান — আলাদা করে -ing লাগে না।

ভুল ৩ — if-clause-এ will: ‘If you will work hard...’ ✗ → ‘If you work hard, you will pass’ ✓। শর্তের ঘরে future নয় — future থাকে ফলাফলের ঘরে। একইভাবে time-clause-এও: ‘I will call you when I reach (will reach ✗) home.’

ভুল ৪ — modal-এর পরে to বা V2: ‘He can to swim’ ✗, ‘He must went’ ✗ → modal + V1: can swim, must go। ব্যতিক্রম: ought to, used to, have to — এ তিনটিতে to আছেই।

ভুল ৫ — since/for অদলবদল: since + সময়-বিন্দু (since 2020, since Monday), for + সময়-পরিমাণ (for two hours, for ten years)। ‘since two hours’ ✗। আর since থাকলে বাক্যের মূল অংশ প্রায় সবসময় perfect/perfect continuous।

ভুল ৬ — universal truth-এ past: reported speech-এও চিরসত্য present-এই থাকে: ‘The teacher said that the earth moves (moved ✗) round the sun.’

দ্রুত সমাধানের কৌশল

কৌশল ২ — verb-form চেক তিন ধাপে: (১) signal word কী বলছে? (২) subject singular না plural (SVA)? (৩) modal/do-support আছে কি (থাকলে V1)? — শূন্যস্থানের প্রশ্নে এই তিন প্রশ্ন পরপর করলে ভুল প্রায় অসম্ভব।

কৌশল ৩ — ‘had better/would rather/It is time’ পরিবার: তিনটির পরেই bare V1 বা past — had better go (to go ✗); would rather stay; It is high time we started (start ✗ — past!)। এই তিনটি প্রতি বছর কোথাও না কোথাও আসে।

কৌশল ৪ — conditional-এর জোড়-মিলানো: if-ঘরে যা, ফল-ঘরে তার এক ধাপ এগোনো modal: Present → will; Past → would; Past Perfect → would have + V3। অপশনে জোড়া মিলিয়ে দেখুন — অর্ধেক অপশন এমনিই বাদ পড়ে।

তথ্যের সারসংক্ষেপ

Tense — ৩ প্রধান × ৪ উপ = ১২ মোট
Present Indefinite: V1 (+s/es); use — habit, universal truth
Present Continuous: am/is/are + V-ing; now-action
Present Perfect: have/has + V3; recently completed
Present Perfect Continuous: have/has been + V-ing; ongoing
‘Since’ + point of time; ‘For’ + period
Past Perfect: had + V3; before another past
Future: will/shall + V1; ‘shall’ I/we (traditional)
Modal-এর পরে V1; -s/-ed যোগ হয় না
‘Mathematics, news, physics’ — singular verb
‘A number of’ — plural; ‘The number of’ — singular
‘Each of, every one of, one of + plural’ — singular
‘Either…or, Neither…nor’ — verb nearest subject
Second conditional: ‘were’ all persons
‘Unless’ = ‘If not’
‘Wish’ — past tense to express present unreal
‘Had better’ — strong advice; ‘would rather’ — preference
‘Used to’ — past habit; negative ‘didn’t use to’

প্রশ্ন ও উত্তর (১০০+ MCQ)

1. How many tenses are there in English?

(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 12

Ans: (d) 12 (3 × 4)

2. The sun ? in the east.

(a) rise (b) rises (c) is rising (d) has risen

Ans: (b) rises (universal truth)

3. He ? tea every morning.

(a) drinks (b) drink (c) is drinking (d) drank

Ans: (a) drinks (habit)

4. Look! She ? .

(a) dances (b) is dancing (c) has danced (d) danced

Ans: (b) is dancing

5. I ? just finished the book.

(a) have (b) has (c) had (d) was

Ans: (a) have

6. He ? here since 2010.

(a) lives (b) lived (c) has been living (d) is living

Ans: (c) has been living

7. It ? raining for two hours.

(a) has been (b) is (c) was (d) had been

Ans: (a) has been

8. ‘Since’ is followed by —

(a) period (b) point of time (c) both (d) neither

Ans: (b) point of time

9. ‘For’ is followed by —

(a) period (b) point of time (c) both (d) neither

Ans: (a) period

10. He ? to Dhaka last week.

(a) goes (b) went (c) has gone (d) is going

Ans: (b) went

11. While I ? , he came.

(a) read (b) was reading (c) am reading (d) have read

Ans: (b) was reading

12. The train ? before I reached the station.

(a) left (b) has left (c) had left (d) was leaving

Ans: (c) had left

13. He ? studying for three hours when I called him.

(a) was (b) has been (c) had been (d) is

Ans: (c) had been

14. I ? see you tomorrow.

(a) shall (b) am (c) was (d) had

Ans: (a) shall

15. By next year, he ? graduated.

(a) will (b) will have (c) has (d) had

Ans: (b) will have

16. At 9 pm tomorrow, I ? watching TV.

(a) will be (b) shall (c) have (d) had been

Ans: (a) will be

17. He ? in Dhaka for ten years.

(a) lives (b) is living (c) has been living (d) lived

Ans: (c) has been living

18. Modal + which form of verb?

(a) V1 (base form) (b) V2 (c) V3 (d) V-ing

Ans: (a) V1

19. ‘Can’ expresses —

(a) Ability (b) Past (c) Obligation (d) Wish

Ans: (a) Ability/possibility

20. ‘Must’ negative is —

(a) must not — prohibition (b) need not — no necessity (c) both (d) none

Ans: (c) both depending on meaning

21. ‘You must obey’ — what does ‘must’ express?

(a) Obligation (b) Ability (c) Permission (d) Possibility

Ans: (a) Obligation

22. ‘You ought to respect elders’ — ‘ought to’?

(a) Ability (b) Moral obligation (c) Possibility (d) Permission

Ans: (b)

23. ‘I used to play cricket’ — meaning?

(a) Past habit (b) Present habit (c) Future (d) Ability

Ans: (a) Past habit

24. ‘He had better leave now’ — meaning?

(a) Strong advice (b) Ability (c) Past (d) Permission

Ans: (a)

25. ‘I would rather stay home’ — ‘would rather’?

(a) Preference (b) Past habit (c) Ability (d) Possibility

Ans: (a)

26. ‘Need not’ means —

(a) Necessity (b) No necessity (c) Prohibition (d) Ability

Ans: (b)

27. ‘Dare’ used in —

(a) Affirmative (b) Negative/Question (c) Past (d) All

Ans: (b) typically Negative/Question

28. ‘How dare you ? say that?’

(a) to (b) — (c) ed (d) ing

Ans: (b) no ‘to’

29. Mathematics ? easy.

(a) are (b) is (c) have (d) were

Ans: (b) is

30. The news ? true.

(a) is (b) are (c) were (d) have

Ans: (a) is

31. A number of students ? absent.

(a) is (b) are (c) was (d) has

Ans: (b) are

32. The number of students ? rising.

(a) is (b) are (c) were (d) have

Ans: (a) is

33. Each of the boys ? a book.

(a) have (b) has (c) are (d) were

Ans: (b) has

34. Either Rahim or Karim ? wrong.

(a) are (b) is (c) were (d) have

Ans: (b) is (nearest sub.)

35. Neither he nor they ? coming.

(a) is (b) was (c) are (d) has

Ans: (c) are (nearest sub.)

36. Rahim, with his friends, ? there.

(a) are (b) is (c) were (d) have

Ans: (b) is

37. Bread and butter ? my favorite.

(a) are (b) is (c) were (d) have

Ans: (b) is (one item)

38. Ten miles ? a long way.

(a) is (b) are (c) were (d) have

Ans: (a) is

39. There ? many books on the table.

(a) is (b) are (c) was (d) has

Ans: (b) are

40. More than one ? absent.

(a) student is (b) students are (c) students is (d) student are

Ans: (a) student is

41. The team ? winning.

(a) is (b) are (c) were (d) have

Ans: (a) is (unit)

42. The team ? divided in opinion.

(a) is (b) are (c) was (d) has

Ans: (b) are (individuals)

43. If you heat ice, it ? .

(a) melt (b) melts (c) will melt (d) melted

Ans: (b) melts (Zero)

44. If you work hard, you ? pass.

(a) will (b) would (c) had (d) shall have

Ans: (a) will

45. If I ? rich, I would help the poor.

(a) am (b) were (c) was (d) be

Ans: (b) were (2nd conditional)

46. If I had studied, I ? passed.

(a) would (b) would have (c) had (d) would be

Ans: (b) would have (3rd)

47. ‘Unless’ means —

(a) If (b) If not (c) Although (d) Because

Ans: (b) If not

48. ? you hurry, you will miss the train.

(a) If (b) Unless (c) Although (d) Because

Ans: (b) Unless

49. ‘Had I known, I ? helped him.’

(a) would (b) would have (c) had (d) shall

Ans: (b) would have

50. I wish I ? rich.

(a) am (b) was (c) were (d) be

Ans: (c) were

51. I wish I ? harder.

(a) study (b) had studied (c) studied (d) have studied

Ans: (b) had studied

52. He ? in this office since 2018.

(a) works (b) is working (c) has been working (d) was working

Ans: (c)

53. He ? his work yet.

(a) does not finish (b) has not finished (c) had not finished (d) is not finishing

Ans: (b)

54. They ? for an hour.

(a) talk (b) talked (c) have been talking (d) had talked

Ans: (c)

55. He ? already left.

(a) is (b) was (c) has (d) had

Ans: (c) has

56. ‘Yet’ is used with —

(a) Present Perfect — negative/question (b) Past (c) Future (d) None

Ans: (a)

57. By 2030, I ? living here for 10 years.

(a) will be (b) will have been (c) am (d) have been

Ans: (b) will have been

58. She ? a beautiful song now.

(a) sings (b) is singing (c) has sung (d) sang

Ans: (b)

59. ‘Look!’ — usually followed by which tense?

(a) Present Simple (b) Present Continuous (c) Past (d) Future

Ans: (b)

60. He has gone to Dhaka. — meaning?

(a) He is in Dhaka now (b) He returned (c) He will go (d) Going now

Ans: (a) He is still away

61. He has been to Dhaka. — meaning?

(a) Still in Dhaka (b) Went and returned (c) Going (d) Will go

Ans: (b) Visited and returned

62. She ? to school every day.

(a) go (b) goes (c) going (d) is going

Ans: (b) goes

63. We ? a party tomorrow.

(a) have (b) had (c) are having (d) had had

Ans: (c) are having (planned future)

64. The train ? at 5 pm.

(a) leaves (b) is leaving (c) has left (d) left

Ans: (a) leaves (scheduled)

65. He ? a doctor.

(a) become (b) becomes (c) is (d) has

Ans: (c) is (linking)

66. ‘I would rather ? die than beg.’

(a) to (b) — (c) ed (d) ing

Ans: (b) no ‘to’

67. ‘He has to ? early.’

(a) come (b) comes (c) came (d) coming

Ans: (a) come (after ‘to’)

68. I ? rather you came tomorrow.

(a) would (b) will (c) had (d) shall

Ans: (a) would

69. ‘He works hard lest he ? fail.’

(a) will (b) should (c) had (d) shall

Ans: (b) should

70. None of the boys ? present.

(a) is (b) was (c) were (d) all of these

Ans: (d) modern usage — were/are with plural noun

71. Politics ? a complex subject.

(a) are (b) is (c) were (d) have

Ans: (b) is

72. The committee ? agreed.

(a) has (b) have (c) is (d) were

Ans: (a) has (unit)

73. Five years ? a long time.

(a) is (b) are (c) were (d) have

Ans: (a) is

74. One of the books ? missing.

(a) are (b) is (c) were (d) have

Ans: (b) is

75. The quality of mangoes ? good.

(a) is (b) are (c) were (d) have

Ans: (a) is

76. He has been ill for ? three days.

(a) since (b) — (c) for (d) at

Ans: (c) for

77. He has been ill ? Monday.

(a) for (b) since (c) at (d) from

Ans: (b) since

78. ‘He went to school yesterday’ — tense?

(a) Present (b) Past (c) Future (d) Perfect

Ans: (b) Past Indefinite

79. ‘He has gone to school’ — tense?

(a) Present Indefinite (b) Present Perfect (c) Past (d) Future

Ans: (b) Present Perfect

80. ‘He had gone before I came’ — tense?

(a) Past Indefinite (b) Past Perfect (c) Present Perfect (d) Past Continuous

Ans: (b) Past Perfect

81. ‘He has been reading for hours’ — tense?

(a) Present Continuous (b) Present Perfect (c) Present Perfect Continuous (d) Past Perfect

Ans: (c)

82. ‘He had been reading for hours when I came’ — tense?

(a) Past Perfect Continuous (b) Past Perfect (c) Past Continuous (d) Present Perfect

Ans: (a)

83. ‘I shall have gone by then’ — tense?

(a) Future Continuous (b) Future Perfect (c) Future Indefinite (d) Future Perfect Continuous

Ans: (b) Future Perfect

84. ‘At 9 tomorrow he will be working’ — tense?

(a) Future Continuous (b) Future Perfect (c) Future Indefinite (d) Present Continuous

Ans: (a)

85. He ? in this college since 2015.

(a) teaches (b) has been teaching (c) is teaching (d) taught

Ans: (b)

86. The chairman as well as the members ? present.

(a) is (b) are (c) were (d) have

Ans: (a) is (verb with chairman)

87. The number of accidents ? increased.

(a) have (b) has (c) is (d) are

Ans: (b) has (treated as singular)

88. ‘He ? his work an hour ago.’

(a) finished (b) has finished (c) had finished (d) finishes

Ans: (a) finished

89. By the time we arrived, the show ? .

(a) starts (b) started (c) had started (d) has started

Ans: (c) had started

90. If I ? a millionaire, I would buy an island.

(a) am (b) be (c) were (d) had been

Ans: (c) were

91. ‘He proposed that we ? together.’

(a) should go (b) shall go (c) will go (d) go

Ans: (a) should go

92. ‘It is high time we ? .’

(a) leave (b) left (c) leaves (d) had left

Ans: (b) left (past tense after ‘high time’)

93. ‘It is time you ? bed.’

(a) go to (b) went to (c) gone to (d) had gone to

Ans: (b) went to

94. He talks as if he ? a king.

(a) is (b) was (c) were (d) be

Ans: (c) were

95. He behaves as though he ? everything.

(a) knows (b) knew (c) had known (d) know

Ans: (b) knew

96. We had better ? .

(a) go (b) to go (c) going (d) went

Ans: (a) go

97. He needs ? hard.

(a) work (b) to work (c) working (d) worked

Ans: (b) to work (full verb ‘need’)

98. You need not ? .

(a) come (b) to come (c) coming (d) came

Ans: (a) come (modal ‘need’)

99. The minister, along with his secretaries, ? coming.

(a) is (b) are (c) have (d) were

Ans: (a) is

100. ‘Three-fourths of the work ? done.’

(a) is (b) are (c) were (d) have

Ans: (a) is (work — uncountable)

101. Three-fourths of the students ? present.

(a) is (b) are (c) was (d) has

Ans: (b) are (students — countable)

102. ‘He will have left by now’ — tense?

(a) Future Perfect (b) Future Continuous (c) Future Indefinite (d) Present Perfect

Ans: (a)

103. ‘I have lost my pen’ — tense?

(a) Past (b) Present Perfect (c) Past Perfect (d) Future

Ans: (b)

104. ‘The boy is reading a book’ — tense?

(a) Present Indefinite (b) Present Continuous (c) Present Perfect (d) Future

Ans: (b)

105. ‘He had been reading’ — tense?

(a) Past Perfect (b) Past Perfect Continuous (c) Past Continuous (d) Present Perfect

Ans: (b)