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Sentence ও Correction

"Find the error in the sentence" — ব্যাংক পরীক্ষার English অংশের সবচেয়ে সমীহ-জাগানো প্রশ্ন, অথচ এর পেছনের সত্যটা ভরসা দেওয়ার মতো: পরীক্ষকরা একই ২৫-৩০ ধরনের ভুলই ঘুরিয়ে-ফিরিয়ে দেন। বাক্যের গঠন (কোথায় কী বসে) আর সেই চেনা ভুলের তালিকা — এই দুটো জানলেই error-প্রশ্ন ধরা-ছোঁয়ার মধ্যে চলে আসে। এই পাঠ সেভাবেই সাজানো: আগে গঠন, তারপর transformation, শেষে ভুলের ক্যাটালগ ও চেকলিস্ট।

A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought — অর্থাৎ পড়া শেষে মনে আর কোনো প্রশ্ন ঝুলে থাকে না।

Essential Parts of a Sentence

  • Subject: About whom/what the sentence is.
  • Predicate: What is said about the subject (contains the verb).
  • Object: Receiver of the action (in transitive verbs).
  • Complement: Word that completes meaning (after linking verbs / certain transitive verbs).
  • Modifier: Adjectives, adverbs, phrases that qualify other elements.

Sentence Types by Function

TypeFunctionPunctuationExample
Assertive / DeclarativeStatement (positive/negative).He is a doctor.
InterrogativeQuestion?Are you a student?
ImperativeOrder/Request/Advice. / !Please open the door.
OptativeWish/Prayer/Curse. / !May Allah bless you.
ExclamatorySudden emotion!What a beautiful sight!

Assertive Subtypes

  • Affirmative: He is honest.
  • Negative: He is not honest.

Interrogative Subtypes

  • Yes/No Question: Is he a student?
  • Wh-Question: What is your name?
  • Tag Question: He is a student, isn’t he?
  • Choice Question: Do you want tea or coffee?

Sentence Types by Structure

TypeDefinitionExample
SimpleOne independent clause (one subject + one finite verb)I went to school.
CompoundTwo/more independent clauses joined by coordinating conjunction (FANBOYS)I went to school, and he stayed home.
ComplexOne independent + one/more dependent clause joined by subordinating conjunctionI went to school because I had a class.
Compound-ComplexMultiple independent + at least one dependent clauseI went to school because I had a class, and I returned home in the evening.

Clause vs Phrase

  • Clause: Has subject + verb. (e.g., ‘when he came’)
  • Phrase: Group of words without subject-verb. (e.g., ‘on the table’)

Types of Clauses

  • Independent (Principal/Main) Clause: Can stand alone.
  • Dependent (Subordinate) Clause: Cannot stand alone; depends on main clause.
  • Subordinate types: Noun clause, Adjective clause (relative), Adverb clause.

Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) Pattern

  • S + V (intransitive): Birds fly.
  • S + V + O: He reads a book.
  • S + V + IO + DO (two objects): He gave me a book.
  • S + V + O + OC (object complement): They elected him president.
  • S + V + SC (subject complement): She is intelligent.
  • S + V + A (adverbial): She lives in Dhaka.
Simple–Compound–Complex আসলে ‘জোড়ার ধরন’: ভাব দুটি হলে তাদের জোড়া দেওয়ার তিন উপায় — (১) একটিকে phrase-এ গুটিয়ে এক clause-এ আনা (In spite of his poverty, he is happy) = Simple; (২) দুটোকে সমান মর্যাদায় and/but/or দিয়ে পাশাপাশি রাখা = Compound; (৩) একটিকে অধীনস্থ করে though/because/when দিয়ে ঝুলিয়ে দেওয়া = Complex। তাই রূপান্তরের কৌশলও একটাই: সংযোজকটা বদলান — conjunction-এর মর্যাদা বদলালেই বাক্যের শ্রেণি বদলে যায়। চেনার শর্টকাট: finite verb ১টি = Simple | FANBOYS = Compound | though/if/because/who = Complex
ধাপে ধাপে চেনা: “I know the man who stole the watch, and the police caught him.”
ধাপ ১: finite verb গুনুন — know, stole, caught = ৩টি clause।
ধাপ ২: সংযোজক দেখুন — ‘who’ (subordinating → dependent clause আছে) এবং ‘and’ (coordinating → দুটি independent)।
ধাপ ৩: independent ২টি + dependent ১টি = Compound-Complex sentence ✓
এই গোনা-পদ্ধতিতে যেকোনো বাক্যের গঠন ১৫ সেকেন্ডে বের হয় — সংজ্ঞা মুখস্থের দরকারই পড়ে না।

Sentence Transformation

1. Affirmative ↔ Negative

AffirmativeNegative
He is honest.He is not dishonest.
I shall always remember him.I shall never forget him.
Everybody loves him.Nobody hates him.
Both Rahim and Karim are wise.Neither Rahim nor Karim is foolish.
As soon as he came…No sooner had he come than…
He is the best boy.No other boy is as good as he. / He is better than any other boy.

2. Assertive ↔ Interrogative

  • Affirmative → Negative-Interrogative: Everybody loves his country. → Who does not love his country?
  • Negative → Affirmative-Interrogative: Nobody can deny it. → Who can deny it?

3. Assertive ↔ Exclamatory

  • It is a fine sight. → What a fine sight it is!
  • The cap is very beautiful. → How beautiful the cap is!
  • I wish I had a million. → Had I a million! / Would that I had a million!

4. Assertive ↔ Imperative

  • You should obey your parents. → Obey your parents.
  • It is your duty to honour him. → Honour him.

5. Simple ↔ Complex ↔ Compound

SimpleCompoundComplex
In spite of his poverty, he is happy.He is poor but he is happy.Though he is poor, he is happy.
The sun having set, we returned home.The sun set and we returned home.When the sun set, we returned home.
I have no time to waste.I have no time and I cannot waste any.I have no time that I can waste.

6. Degrees of Comparison Change

  • Superlative → Comparative → Positive:
    • Sup: Dhaka is the largest city in Bangladesh.
    • Comp: Dhaka is larger than any other city in Bangladesh.
    • Pos: No other city in Bangladesh is as large as Dhaka.
Transformation-এর সোনার নিয়ম: রূপ যত বদলাক, অর্থ এক বিন্দুও বদলাবে না। উত্তর যাচাইয়ের উপায়: রূপান্তরিত বাক্যটা বাংলায় অনুবাদ করুন — মূল বাক্যের অনুবাদের সঙ্গে হুবহু মিললে সঠিক। ‘He is the best boy’ → ‘He is better than any other boy’ (some other ✗, all other ✗ — অর্থ পাল্টে যায়)।

Common Errors & Corrections

IncorrectCorrect
He is my cousin brother.He is my cousin.
I have a head pain.I have a headache.
It is raining since morning.It has been raining since morning.
He told me about it yesterday.He told me about it yesterday. ✓ (or ‘about it’ should follow ‘me’)
The both brothers are friends.Both the brothers are friends.
I, you and he are friends.You, he and I are friends. (231 / second-third-first)
He resembles to his father.He resembles his father.
He told me to not go.He told me not to go.
One should do his duty.One should do one’s duty.
Each of the boys are present.Each of the boys is present.
The committee are united.The committee is united. (unit)
The news are true.The news is true.
Mathematics are easy.Mathematics is easy.
Trousers is costly.Trousers are costly. (always plural)
The poor is unhappy.The poor are unhappy.
The scenery of Kashmir are beautiful.The scenery of Kashmir is beautiful.
He has many informations.He has much information.
I want a hundred dollars.I want a hundred dollars. ✓ (correct as is)
He is taller than me.He is taller than I (am). (formal); ‘than me’ acceptable informal
This is the most unique design.This is a unique design. (no superlative for ‘unique’)
I am suffering with fever.I am suffering from fever.
He is comparing to me.He is comparing me to / with him.
The reason was because he was ill.The reason was that he was ill.
He returned back home.He returned home.
Lend me your ears.Lend me your ears. ✓ (idiom — listen)
I, you and Rahim am wrong.You, Rahim and I are wrong.
Don’t prevent me to go.Don’t prevent me from going.
He hates to read novels.He hates reading novels.
He fond of music.He is fond of music.
I went to home.I went home.
The two first chapters are easy.The first two chapters are easy.
He has lived here since five years.He has lived here for five years.
He died by cholera.He died of cholera.
He is married with her.He is married to her.
What is the time in your watch?What is the time by your watch?
Open the page 10.Open page 10.
He went to abroad.He went abroad.
He is in his way home.He is on his way home.
He committed a blunder mistake.He committed a blunder.
I cannot bear with him.I cannot put up with him.
One of my friend.One of my friends. (plural after ‘one of’)

Commonly Confused Words

WordMeaning / Usage
accept / exceptaccept = take; except = excluding
advice / adviseadvice (noun); advise (verb)
affect / effectaffect (verb) = influence; effect (noun) = result
among / betweenamong = more than two; between = two
borrow / lendborrow (take); lend (give)
bring / takebring (to speaker); take (away)
compliment / complementcompliment = praise; complement = complete
council / counselcouncil = body; counsel = advice / lawyer
desert / dessertdesert = abandon / sandy area; dessert = sweet dish
device / devisedevice (noun); devise (verb — invent)
discover / inventdiscover = find existing; invent = create new
elder / olderelder (within family); older (general)
eligible / illegibleeligible = qualified; illegible = unreadable
fewer / lessfewer = countable; less = uncountable
famous / notoriousfamous (good); notorious (bad)
imminent / eminentimminent = about to happen; eminent = distinguished
its / it’sits = possessive; it’s = it is
lay / lielay = put down (laid); lie = recline (lay/lain)
loose / loseloose = not tight; lose = misplace
many / muchmany = countable; much = uncountable
medal / metalmedal = award; metal = iron/steel
passed / pastpassed (verb-past); past (time/period)
principal / principleprincipal = head; principle = rule
quite / quietquite = completely; quiet = silent
rise / raiserise = go up (intrans.); raise = lift (trans.)
stationary / stationerystationary = not moving; stationery = writing materials
their / there / they’retheir = possessive; there = place; they’re = they are
weather / whetherweather = climate; whether = if
whose / who’swhose = possessive; who’s = who is
your / you’reyour = possessive; you’re = you are
complement / supplementcomplement = completes; supplement = adds extra
continual / continuouscontinual = with breaks; continuous = without breaks
credible / credulouscredible = believable; credulous = easily believing
historic / historicalhistoric = important in history; historical = related to history
industrious / industrialindustrious = hard-working; industrial = related to industry
respectable / respectful / respectiverespectable = worthy; respectful = showing respect; respective = particular

সাধারণ ভুল ও সতর্কতা

ভুল ১ — double negative/comparative: ‘I don’t know nothing’ ✗ → anything; ‘more better’ ✗। ইংরেজিতে নেতিবাচকতা ও তুলনা — দুটোই একবার।
ভুল ২ — tag question-এর মেরুকরণ: মূল বাক্য positive হলে tag negative, আর উল্টোটা: ‘He is a doctor, isn’t he?’ / ‘He isn’t a doctor, is he?’ ফাঁদ: ‘Let’s go, shall we?’, ‘Open the door, will you?’, ‘I am late, aren’t I?’ — এই তিন ব্যতিক্রমই বেশি আসে।
ভুল ৩ — dangling modifier: ‘Walking down the road, a tree was seen’ ✗ — গাছ হাঁটে না! participle-এর কর্তা আর মূল clause-এর কর্তা একই হতে হবে: ‘Walking down the road, I saw a tree’ ✓।
ভুল ৪ — ‘one of the’ + singular noun: ‘one of my friend’ ✗ → one of my friends (plural noun, কিন্তু singular verb)। একই পরিবারে: ‘two-thirds of the work is done’ (work uncountable) কিন্তু ‘two-thirds of the students are present’।
ভুল ৫ — confusing words-এ অর্থ-অদল: advice (n)/advise (v), affect (v)/effect (n), lose (হারানো)/loose (ঢিলা), its/it’s, than/then, quite/quiet, principal (প্রধান)/principle (নীতি), stationary (স্থির)/stationery (লেখার সামগ্রী)। প্রশ্নে এই জোড়াগুলোই ঘোরে — বানানের এক অক্ষরে অর্থ বদলে যায়।
ভুল ৬ — ‘No sooner...when’ ✗: সঠিক জোড়: No sooner had ... than; Hardly/Scarcely had ... when/before; আর তিনটিতেই inversion (had + subject)। জোড়া ভাঙা অপশনই ভুল।

দ্রুত সমাধানের কৌশল

কৌশল ১ — error-খোঁজার ৫-পয়েন্ট স্ক্যান: বাক্য পেলেই ক্রমে দেখুন — (১) subject-verb agreement, (২) tense-সামঞ্জস্য (signal word), (৩) preposition/article, (৪) pronoun-এর রূপ (I/me, who/whom), (৫) শব্দচয়ন (confused words)। পরীক্ষার error-প্রশ্নের ৯০% এই পাঁচ ঘরের কোনোটিতে পড়ে — এলোমেলো না খুঁজে ক্রমটা অনুসরণ করুন।
কৌশল ২ — transformation-জোড়া মুখস্থ ছকে: though = but | because/as = and so | if not = or | too...to = so...that (negative) | in spite of = though | without + V-ing = if...not — বাম থেকে ডানে গেলে compound, ডান থেকে বামে complex/simple। এই ৬টি জোড়েই transformation-প্রশ্নের সিংহভাগ।
কৌশল ৩ — ‘too...to’ রূপান্তর দুই ধাপে: He is too weak to walk → too→so, to→that + can’t: He is so weak that he cannot walk। past হলে could not। উল্টো পথও একই সিঁড়ি।
কৌশল ৪ — degree-বদলের যান্ত্রিক সূত্র: Superlative ‘the best X’ ⇄ Comparative ‘better than any other X’ ⇄ Positive ‘No other X is as good as’ — তিনটি খোপে শুধু শব্দ বসান। ‘one of the largest cities’ হলে: ‘larger than most other cities’ / ‘Very few cities are as large as’ — ‘one of’ থাকলেই most other/very few।

তথ্যের সারসংক্ষেপ

  • Sentence-types by function: ৫ — Assertive, Interrogative, Imperative, Optative, Exclamatory
  • Sentence-types by structure: ৪ — Simple, Compound, Complex, Compound-Complex
  • Compound — FANBOYS দিয়ে যুক্ত; Complex — subordinating conjunction দিয়ে যুক্ত
  • Clause-এ subject-verb আছে; Phrase-এ নেই
  • Subordinate clause: noun, adjective (relative), adverb
  • Sentence-patterns: S+V, S+V+O, S+V+IO+DO, S+V+O+OC, S+V+SC
  • ‘Each of, every one of, one of + plural’ — singular verb
  • ‘Trousers, scissors, glasses, jeans, shorts’ — plural verb
  • ‘Mathematics, news, physics, ethics’ — singular verb
  • ‘Information, advice, furniture, scenery, luggage, machinery, baggage’ — uncountable; ‘much’ ব্যবহার্য
  • ‘He resembles his father’ (no ‘to’); ‘He returned home’ (no ‘to’); ‘He went home/abroad’ (no ‘to’)
  • ‘He died of/from/by/for’ — context-নির্ভর
  • ‘One should do one’s duty’ (নয় ‘his duty’)
  • ‘Prevent X from V-ing’; ‘Hate V-ing’; ‘Avoid V-ing’
  • ‘You, he and I’ — order (231)
  • ‘Unique, perfect, complete, infinite, impossible’ — no degrees of comparison
  • ‘The reason is/was that …’ (নয় ‘because’)
  • Confused: affect/effect; advice/advise; principal/principle; stationary/stationery; lay/lie; less/fewer

প্রশ্ন ও উত্তর (১০০+ MCQ)

1. How many sentence types are there by function?

(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6

Ans: (c) 5

2. ‘He is a doctor’ — what type?

(a) Assertive (b) Interrogative (c) Imperative (d) Exclamatory

Ans: (a)

3. ‘What a beautiful sight!’ — type?

(a) Assertive (b) Exclamatory (c) Imperative (d) Optative

Ans: (b)

4. ‘May Allah bless you’ — type?

(a) Imperative (b) Optative (c) Exclamatory (d) Assertive

Ans: (b)

5. ‘Please open the door’ — type?

(a) Imperative (b) Optative (c) Exclamatory (d) Assertive

Ans: (a)

6. ‘Are you a student?’ — type?

(a) Interrogative (b) Imperative (c) Assertive (d) Exclamatory

Ans: (a)

7. ‘I went to school’ — structure?

(a) Simple (b) Compound (c) Complex (d) Compound-Complex

Ans: (a) Simple

8. ‘I went to school, and he stayed home’ — structure?

(a) Simple (b) Compound (c) Complex (d) Compound-Complex

Ans: (b) Compound

9. ‘I went to school because I had a class’ — structure?

(a) Simple (b) Compound (c) Complex (d) Compound-Complex

Ans: (c) Complex

10. A clause has —

(a) Verb only (b) Subject-Verb (c) No verb (d) None

Ans: (b)

11. ‘On the table’ — what is it?

(a) Clause (b) Phrase (c) Sentence (d) Verb

Ans: (b) Phrase

12. ‘When he came’ — what is it?

(a) Phrase (b) Subordinate clause (c) Main clause (d) Sentence

Ans: (b)

13. ‘I, you and he are friends’ — correct?

(a) Correct (b) Incorrect — You, he and I (c) Both (d) None

Ans: (b)

14. ‘He resembles to his father’ — correct?

(a) Correct (b) Incorrect — He resembles his father (c) Both (d) None

Ans: (b)

15. ‘One should do his duty’ — correct?

(a) Correct (b) Incorrect — One should do one’s duty (c) Both (d) None

Ans: (b)

16. ‘He went to home’ — correct?

(a) Correct (b) Incorrect — He went home (c) Both (d) None

Ans: (b)

17. ‘He returned back’ — correct?

(a) Correct (b) Incorrect — He returned (c) Both (d) None

Ans: (b)

18. ‘He died by cholera’ — correct?

(a) Correct (b) Incorrect — He died of cholera (c) Both (d) None

Ans: (b)

19. ‘He is married with her’ — correct?

(a) Correct (b) Incorrect — married to (c) Both (d) None

Ans: (b)

20. ‘Each of the boys are present’ — correct?

(a) Correct (b) Incorrect — Each of the boys is present (c) Both (d) None

Ans: (b)

21. ‘The news are true’ — correct?

(a) Correct (b) Incorrect — news is (c) Both (d) None

Ans: (b)

22. ‘He has many informations’ — correct?

(a) Correct (b) Incorrect — much information (c) Both (d) None

Ans: (b)

23. Choose correct: He is taller than ? .

(a) I (b) me (c) myself (d) my

Ans: (a) I (formal); (b) acceptable informal

24. ‘He is suffering with fever’ — correct?

(a) Correct (b) Incorrect — from (c) Both (d) None

Ans: (b)

25. ‘The two first chapters’ — correct?

(a) Correct (b) Incorrect — The first two chapters (c) Both (d) None

Ans: (b)

26. ‘He hates to read novels’ — correct?

(a) Correct (b) Better: He hates reading novels (c) Both work (d) None

Ans: (b)/(c) — both acceptable; ‘hates reading’ more idiomatic

27. ‘Prevent me to go’ — correct?

(a) Correct (b) Incorrect — from going (c) Both (d) None

Ans: (b)

28. ‘He has lived here since five years’ — correct?

(a) Correct (b) Incorrect — for five years (c) Both (d) None

Ans: (b)

29. ‘He has lived here since 2020’ — correct?

(a) Correct (b) Incorrect (c) Both (d) None

Ans: (a) Correct

30. ‘He is most unique’ — correct?

(a) Correct (b) Incorrect — ‘unique’ has no degree (c) Both (d) None

Ans: (b)

31. ‘The reason was because he was ill’ — correct?

(a) Correct (b) Incorrect — The reason was that he was ill (c) Both (d) None

Ans: (b)

32. ‘Open page 10’ — correct?

(a) Correct (b) Open the page 10 (c) Both (d) None

Ans: (a)

33. ‘What is the time by your watch?’ — correct?

(a) Correct (b) Incorrect — in (c) Both (d) None

Ans: (a) (‘by your watch’)

34. ‘He committed a blunder mistake’ — correct?

(a) Correct (b) Incorrect — He committed a blunder (c) Both (d) None

Ans: (b)

35. ‘One of my friend’ — correct?

(a) Correct (b) Incorrect — One of my friends (c) Both (d) None

Ans: (b)

36. ‘Trousers is costly’ — correct?

(a) Correct (b) Incorrect — Trousers are (c) Both (d) None

Ans: (b)

37. ‘The poor is unhappy’ — correct?

(a) Correct (b) Incorrect — The poor are (c) Both (d) None

Ans: (b)

38. ‘Accept’ means —

(a) take (b) excluding (c) refuse (d) reject

Ans: (a) take

39. ‘Except’ means —

(a) take (b) excluding (c) include (d) all

Ans: (b) excluding

40. ‘Advice’ is —

(a) Verb (b) Noun (c) Adjective (d) Adverb

Ans: (b) Noun

41. ‘Advise’ is —

(a) Noun (b) Verb (c) Adjective (d) Adverb

Ans: (b) Verb

42. ‘Affect’ — part of speech?

(a) Verb (b) Noun (c) Adjective (d) Adverb

Ans: (a) Verb (influence)

43. ‘Effect’ — part of speech?

(a) Verb (b) Noun (c) Adjective (d) Adverb

Ans: (b) Noun (result)

44. ‘Principal’ means —

(a) head (b) rule (c) money lent (d) (a) & (c)

Ans: (d) head / money lent (noun); main (adj.)

45. ‘Principle’ means —

(a) head (b) rule / law (c) money (d) main

Ans: (b) rule

46. ‘Stationary’ means —

(a) writing materials (b) not moving (c) running (d) machinery

Ans: (b) not moving

47. ‘Stationery’ means —

(a) writing materials (b) not moving (c) firm (d) building

Ans: (a)

48. ‘Quite’ means —

(a) silent (b) completely (c) only (d) almost

Ans: (b) completely

49. ‘Quiet’ means —

(a) completely (b) silent (c) noisy (d) busy

Ans: (b) silent

50. ‘Lose’ means —

(a) not tight (b) misplace (c) hide (d) keep

Ans: (b) misplace

51. ‘Loose’ means —

(a) misplace (b) not tight (c) tight (d) lost

Ans: (b)

52. ‘Discover’ means —

(a) find existing (b) create new (c) destroy (d) hide

Ans: (a)

53. ‘Invent’ means —

(a) find existing (b) create new (c) destroy (d) hide

Ans: (b)

54. ‘Many’ goes with —

(a) Countable noun (b) Uncountable (c) Both (d) None

Ans: (a)

55. ‘Much’ goes with —

(a) Countable (b) Uncountable (c) Both (d) None

Ans: (b)

56. ‘Few’ vs ‘A few’ vs ‘The few’?

(a) Negative / Positive / Specific (b) All same (c) All positive (d) None

Ans: (a)

57. ‘Little’ vs ‘A little’ vs ‘The little’?

(a) Negative / Positive / Specific (b) All same (c) All positive (d) None

Ans: (a)

58. Transform: ‘He is the best boy in the class.’ → Comparative?

(a) He is better than any other boy in the class (b) No boy is good (c) Best boy of class (d) Boy best

Ans: (a)

59. Transform: ‘Dhaka is the largest city in BD.’ → Positive?

(a) No other city in BD is as large as Dhaka (b) Dhaka is large (c) Dhaka large city (d) Dhaka largest

Ans: (a)

60. Transform: ‘Everybody loves his country.’ → Negative interrogative?

(a) Who does not love his country? (b) Everyone loves (c) None loves (d) Anybody loves

Ans: (a)

61. Transform: ‘It is a fine sight.’ → Exclamatory?

(a) What a fine sight it is! (b) Fine sight (c) Such a fine sight (d) How fine

Ans: (a)

62. Transform: ‘How beautiful the rose is!’ → Assertive?

(a) The rose is beautiful (b) The rose is very beautiful (c) Rose beauty (d) Beautiful rose

Ans: (b)

63. Transform: ‘He is poor but he is happy.’ → Complex?

(a) Though he is poor, he is happy (b) Poor but happy (c) He is poor and happy (d) None

Ans: (a)

64. Transform: ‘In spite of his poverty, he is happy.’ → Compound?

(a) Though he is poor, he is happy (b) He is poor but he is happy (c) Poverty he happy (d) None

Ans: (b)

65. ‘He is the man ? won the prize.’

(a) which (b) who (c) whom (d) what

Ans: (b) who

66. ‘The book ? I bought is good.’

(a) who (b) which (c) whose (d) whom

Ans: (b) which

67. ‘Either ... or’ takes verb according to —

(a) First subject (b) Second subject (c) Nearest subject (d) Both subjects

Ans: (c) Nearest

68. ‘The committee ? divided in opinion.’

(a) is (b) are (c) was (d) has

Ans: (b) are (individuals)

69. ‘He resembles his father ? .’

(a) to (b) — (c) with (d) of

Ans: (b) no preposition

70. ‘The committee ? elected him chairman.’

(a) was (b) were (c) has (d) have

Ans: (c) has (unit)

71. Choose correct: ‘He ? his bicycle.’

(a) lost (b) loosed (c) lose (d) loses

Ans: (a) lost

72. ‘The dog ? down on the floor.’

(a) laid (b) lay (c) lied (d) lain

Ans: (b) lay (recline past)

73. ‘He ? the book on the table.’

(a) laid (b) lay (c) lied (d) lain

Ans: (a) laid (put)

74. Choose adverb: ‘He runs ? .’

(a) quick (b) quickly (c) quicker (d) quickest

Ans: (b) quickly

75. Correct: ‘He is ? as me.’

(a) tall (b) as tall (c) taller (d) most tall

Ans: (b) as tall

76. ‘The rich ? always happy.’

(a) is (b) are (c) was (d) has

Ans: (b) are (adj. → plural)

77. ‘Mathematics ? a difficult subject.’

(a) is (b) are (c) were (d) have

Ans: (a) is

78. ‘Scenery ? beautiful.’

(a) are (b) is (c) were (d) have

Ans: (b) is

79. ‘Cattle ? grazing.’

(a) is (b) are (c) was (d) has

Ans: (b) are (always plural)

80. ‘The number of accidents ? increased.’

(a) have (b) has (c) is (d) are

Ans: (b) has

81. ‘A number of students ? absent.’

(a) is (b) are (c) was (d) has

Ans: (b) are

82. ‘He prevented me ? going.’

(a) to (b) from (c) for (d) at

Ans: (b) from

83. ‘I am looking forward ? seeing you.’

(a) to (b) for (c) at (d) of

Ans: (a) to

84. ‘He hates ? .’

(a) to lie (b) lying (c) both (d) lied

Ans: (c) both grammatical

85. ‘He insisted ? going.’

(a) to (b) for (c) on (d) of

Ans: (c) on

86. ‘He is in his way home’ — correct?

(a) Correct (b) Incorrect — on his way (c) Both (d) None

Ans: (b)

87. ‘What is the matter with you?’ — meaning?

(a) Question about problem (b) Compliment (c) Greeting (d) Order

Ans: (a)

88. ‘He told that he was ill’ — correct?

(a) Correct (b) Incorrect — He told me / He said that (c) Both (d) None

Ans: (b) ‘told’ needs object

89. ‘He said me that…’ — correct?

(a) Correct (b) Incorrect — He told me / He said to me (c) Both (d) None

Ans: (b) ‘said’ doesn’t take direct obj.

90. ‘Many a student ? failed.’

(a) have (b) has (c) is (d) are

Ans: (b) has (‘Many a’ = singular)

91. ‘More than one boy ? present.’

(a) are (b) is (c) were (d) have

Ans: (b) is

92. ‘Either of the boys ? guilty.’

(a) is (b) are (c) were (d) have

Ans: (a) is

93. ‘Neither he nor I ? coming.’

(a) am (b) is (c) are (d) was

Ans: (a) am (nearest subject)

94. ‘He is fond ? swimming.’

(a) of (b) in (c) at (d) for

Ans: (a) of

95. ‘He went home’ — type by structure?

(a) Simple (b) Compound (c) Complex (d) Compound-complex

Ans: (a)

96. ‘Although he is poor, he is honest’ — structure?

(a) Simple (b) Compound (c) Complex (d) Compound-complex

Ans: (c) Complex

97. ‘When the sun set, we returned home and had supper’ — structure?

(a) Simple (b) Compound (c) Complex (d) Compound-complex

Ans: (d) Compound-complex

98. ‘He is a man of letters’ — meaning?

(a) Postman (b) Scholar/literary man (c) Writer of letters (d) Reader

Ans: (b) Scholar

99. ‘He is good at heart’ — meaning?

(a) Has good heart (b) Kind/honest (c) Healthy heart (d) Good doctor

Ans: (b) Kind by nature

100. ‘He is in hot water’ — meaning?

(a) In trouble (b) Bathing (c) In hot drink (d) In summer

Ans: (a) In trouble

101. ‘He is a black sheep’ — meaning?

(a) Sheep (b) Black animal (c) Disgrace to family (d) Honest man

Ans: (c)

102. ‘To beat about the bush’ — meaning?

(a) Beat hard (b) Talk indirectly (c) Hide (d) Hunt

Ans: (b) Talk indirectly

103. ‘To bury the hatchet’ — meaning?

(a) Hide weapon (b) Make peace (c) Start war (d) Bury something

Ans: (b) Make peace

104. ‘To pull one’s leg’ — meaning?

(a) Hit (b) Joke / tease (c) Trip (d) Drag

Ans: (b) Joke

105. ‘To turn a deaf ear’ — meaning?

(a) Listen carefully (b) Ignore (c) Hear partially (d) Reply quickly

Ans: (b) Ignore